Title: Bifurcated ribbon structures Authors: H. Hudson, L. Fletcher Abstract: The EUV ribbons of major two-ribbon flares, as observed by TRACE, often show a bifurcated structure (this means that the inner and outer edges of the ribbons tend both to be bright). I would like to show some examples of this and speculate on what it means for EUV excitation in the context of the time sequence of loop development through the flare. Title: Submillimeter observations Abstract: In the discussions, I would like to review the newly published observational work on flares as seen at submm wavelengths (THz).