Refereed papers
T. J. Immel, S. L. England, X. Zhang, J. M. Forbes, and R. Demajistre,
Upward ropagating tidal effects across the E- and F-regions of the ionosphere,
Earth Planets Space, 61, 505-512, 2009.
S. L. England, X. Zhang, T. J. Immel, J. M. Forbes, R. Demajistre,
The effect of non-migrating tides on the morphology of the equatorial ionospheric
anomaly: seasonal variability, Earth Planets Space, 61, p. 493-503, 2009.
T. J. Immel, S. B. Mende, M. E. Hagan, P. M. Kintner, S. L. England,
Evidence of Tropospheric Effects on the Ionosphere,
Eos Transactions, AGU, Volume 90, Issue 9, p. 69-70
H. Korth, B. J. Anderson, J. M. Ruohoniemi, H. U. Frey, C. L. Waters, T. J. Immel, D. L. Green,
Global observations of electromagnetic and particle energy flux for an event during northern
winter with southward interplanetary magnetic field,
Annales Geophysicae, 26, pp.1415-1430, 2008
S. L. England, T. J. Immel, J. D. Huba, Modeling the longitudinal variation in the post-sunset
far-ultraviolet OI airglow using the SAMI2 model,
J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01309, 2008
S. H., Park, S. L. England, T. J. Immel, H. U. Frey, S. B. Mende,
A method for determining the drift velocity of plasma depletions in the equatorial ionosphere
using far-ultraviolet spacecraft observations,
J. Geophys. Res., 112, A11314, 2007.
Hagan, M. E.; Maute, A.; Roble, R. G.; Richmond, A. D.; Immel, T. J.; England, S. L.,
Connections between deep tropical clouds and the Earth's ionosphere,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, Issue 20, L20109, 2007
Immel, T. J., G. Crowley, J. M. Forbes, R. S. Nerem and E. K. Sutton, 2008,
Neutral Composition and Density Effects in the October-November 2003 Magnetic Storms, 2008,
in Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Vol. 181,
edited by P. M. Kintner Jr., A. J. Coster, T. Fuller-Rowell, A. J. Mannucci, M. Mendillo and R. Heelis.
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Lin, C. H., W. Wang, M. E. Hagan, C. C. Hsiao, T. J. Immel, M. L. Hsu, J. Y. Liu,
L. J. Paxton, T. W. Fang and C. H. Liu,
Plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC:
Three-dimensional electron density structures,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34 , L11, 112, 2007.
Kavanagh, A. J., G. Lu, E. F. Donovan, G. D. Reeves, F. Honary, J. Manninen, and T. J. Immel,
Energetic electron precipitation during sawtooth injections, Ann. Geophys., 25 , 1199-1214, 2007.
England, S. L., S. Maus, T. J. Immel, and S. B. Mende,
Longitudinal variation of the E-region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33 , L21, 105, 2006.
Zheng, Y., A. T. Y. Lui, M.-C. Fok, B. J. Anderson, P. C. Brandt, T. J. Immel, and D. G. Mitchell,
Relationship between Region 2 field-aligned current and the ring current: Model results,
J. Geophys. Res., 111 , 11, 2006.
England, S. L., T. J. Immel, E. Sagawa, S. B. Henderson, M. E. Hagan, S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey,
C. M. Swenson, and L. J. Paxton,
Effect of atmospheric tides on the morphology of the quiet time, postsunset equatorial ionospheric anomaly,
J. Geophys. Res., 111 , A10S19, 2006.
Crowley, G., T. J. Immel, C. L. Hackert, J. D. Craven, and R. G. Roble,
Effect of IMF By on thermospheric composition at high and middle latitudes:
1. numerical experiments,
J. Geophys. Res., 111 , 10,311, 2006.
Immel, T. J., G. Crowley, C. L. Hackert, J. D. Craven, and R. G. Roble,
Effect of IMF By on thermospheric composition at high and middle latitudes:
2. Data comparisons, J. Geophys. Res., 111 , 10,312, 2006.
Immel, T. J., E. Sagawa, S. L. England, S. B. Henderson, M. E. Hagan, S. B. Mende,
H. U. Frey, C. M. Swenson, and L. J. Paxton,
The control of equatorial ionospheric morphology by atmospheric tides,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33 , L15,108, 2006.
Jahn, J.-M., C. J. Pollock, T. J. Immel, and S. B. Mende,
Spatial correlation of precipitating and trapped protons associated with an isolated substorm,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33 , L15, 102, 2006.
Henderson, M. G., G. D. Reeves, R. Skoug, M. F. Thomsen, M. H. Denton, S. B. Mende, T. J. Immel,
P. C. Brandt, and H. J. Singer, Magnetospheric and auroral activity during the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event,
J. Geophys. Res., 111 , 1, 2006a.
Henderson, M. G., et al., Substorms during the 10-11 August 2000 sawtooth event,
J. Geophys. Res., 111 , 6206, 2006b.
Sagawa, E., T. J. Immel, H. U. Frey, and S. B. Mende,
Longitudinal structure of the equatorial anomaly in the nighttime ionosphere observed by IMAGE/FUV,
Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 110, 11302, 2005.
Immel, T. J., S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, J. Patel, J. W. Bonnell, M. J. Engebretson, and S. A. Fuselier,
ULF Waves Associated with Enhanced Subauroral Proton Precipitation, in Inner Magnetospheric Interactions:
New Perspectives from Imaging, Geophysical Monograph Series, AGU Press, 2005.
Yizengaw, E., M. B. Moldwin, P. L. Dyson, and T. J. Immel,
Southern Hemisphere ionosphere and plasmasphere response to the interplanetary shock event of
29-31 October 2003, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 110, 9, 2005.
DeMajistre, R., P. C. Brandt, T. J. Immel, J.-H. Yee, A. Dalgarno, L. J. Paxton, and V. Kharchenko,
Storm-time enhancement of mid-latitude ultraviolet emissions due to energetic neutral atom precipitation,
Geophysical Research Letters, 32, 15105, 2005.
Lin, C. S., T. J. Immel, H.-C. Yeh, S. B. Mende, and J. L. Burch,
Simultaneous observations of equatorial plasma depletion by IMAGE and ROCSAT-1 satellites,
Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 110, 6304, 2005.
Ostgaard, N., N. A. Tsyganenko, S. B. Mende, H. U. Frey, T. J. Immel, M. Fillingim,
L. A. Frank, and J. B. Sigwarth,
Observations and model predictions of substorm auroral asymmetries in the conjugate hemispheres,
Geophysical Research Letters, 32, 5111, 2005.
Fillingim, M. O., G. K. Parks, H. U. Frey, T. J. Immel and S. B. Mende,
Hemispheric Asymmetry of the afternoon electron aurora, GRL, 32,
L03113, 2005.
Immel, T. J., J. C. Foster, A. J. Coster, S. B. Mende and H. U. Frey, Global
storm-time plasma redistribution imaged from the ground and space, GRL, 32,
L03107, 2005.
Tsurutani, B. T., Judge, D. L., Guarnieri, F. L., Gangopadhyay, P., Jones,
A. R., Nuttall, J., Zambon, G. A., Didkovsky, L., Mannucci, A. J., Iijima,
B., Meier, R. R., Immel, T. J., and 7 others, The October 28, 2003
extreme EUV solar flare and resultant extreme ionospheric effects:
Comparison to other Halloween events and the Bastille Day event, GRL,
32, 3, 2005.
Østgaard, N., Moen, J., Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., Gallop,
P., Oksavik, K., and Fujimoto, M., Estimates of magnetotail reconnection
rate based on IMAGE FUV and EISCAT measurements, Annales Geophysicae, 23,
123 - 134, 2005.
Fuselier, S. A., Gary, S. P., Thomsen, M. F., Claflin, E. S., Hubert, B.,
Sandel, B. R., and Immel, T., Generation of transient dayside subauroral
proton precipitation, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics),
12227, 2004.
Zhang, Y., Paxton, L. J., Morrison, D., Wolven, B., Kil, H., Meng, C.-I.,
Mende, S. B., and Immel, T. J., O/N2 changes during 1-4 October 2002
storms: IMAGE SI-13 and TIMED/GUVI observations, Journal of Geophysical
Research (Space Physics), 10308, 2004.
Frey, H. U., Haerendel, G., Mende, S. B., Forrester, W. T., Immel, T. J.,
and Østgaard, N., Subauroral morning proton spots (SAMPS) as a result of
plasmapause-ring-current interaction, Journal of Geophysical Research
(Space Physics), 10305, 2004.
Immel, T., Frey, H., Mende, S., and Sagawa, E., Global observations of the
zonal drift speed of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles, Annales
Geophysicae, 22, 3099-3107, 2004.
Ebihara, Y., Fok, M.-C., Wolf, R. A., Immel, T. J., and Moore, T. E.,
Influence of ionosphere conductivity on the ring current, Journal of
Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 8205, 2004.
Østgaard, N., Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., Frank, L. A.,
Sigwarth, J. B., and Stubbs, T. J., Interplanetary magnetic field control
of the location of substorm onset and auroral features in the conjugate
hemispheres, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 7204, 2004.
Frey, H. U., Østgaard, N., Immel, T. J., Korth, H., and Mende, S. B.,
Seasonal dependence of localized, high-latitude dayside aurora (HiLDA),
Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 4303, 2004.
Korth, H., Anderson, B. J., Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., and Mende, S. B.,
Conditions governing localized high-latitude dayside aurora, Geophysical
Research Letters, 31, 4806, 2004.
Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Morsony, B. J., and Immel, T. J., Statistical
behavior of proton and electron auroras during substorms, Journal of
Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 108, 3-1, 2003.
Zhang, Y., Paxton, L. J., Kil, H., Meng, C.-I., Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U.,
and Immel, T. J., Negative ionospheric storms seen by the IMAGE FUV
instrument, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 108, 4-1,
2003.
Immel, Thomas J., Mende, Stephen B., Frey, Harald U., Peticolas, Laura M.,
and Sagawa, Eiichi, Determination of low latitude plasma drift speeds from
FUV images, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 7-1, 2003.
Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Fuselier, S. A., Immel, T. J., and Østgaard, N.,
Proton aurora in the cusp during southward IMF, Journal of Geophysical
Research (Space Physics), 108, 6-1, 2003.
Sagawa, Eiichi, Maruyama, Takashi, Immel, Thomas J., Frey, Harald U., and
Mende, Stephen B., Global view of the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere by
the IMAGE/FUV 135.6 nm observations, Geophysical Research Letters, 30,
41-1, 2003.
Immel, Thomas J., Mende, Stephen B., Frey, Harald U., Østgaard, N., and
Gladstone, G. R., Effect of the 14 July 2000 solar flare on Earth's FUV
emissions, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 108, 5-1,
2003.
Zhang, Y., Paxton, L. J., Immel, T. J., Frey, H. U., and Mende, S. B.,
Sudden solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements and dayside detached
auroras: IMAGE and DMSP observations, Journal of Geophysical Research
(Space Physics), 108, 2-1, 2003.
Mende, S. B., Carlson, C. W., Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., and Gérard, J.-C.,
IMAGE FUV and in situ FAST particle observations of substorm aurorae,
Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 108, 11- 2003.
Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., Lu, G., Bonnell, J., Fuselier, S. A., Mende, S.
B., Hubert, B., Østgaard, N., and Le, G., Properties of localized, high
latitude, dayside aurora, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics),
108, 9-1, 2003.
Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Immel, T. J., Gérard, J.-C., Hubert, B.,
Habraken, S., Spann, J., Gladstone, G. R., Bisikalo, D. V., and
Shematovich, V. I., Summary of quantitative interpretation of IMAGE far
ultraviolet auroral data, Space Science Reviews, 109, 255-283, 2003.
Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., Gerard, J.-C., Hubert, B., and
Fuselier, S. A., Global Imaging of Proton and Electron Aurorae in the far
Ultraviolet, Space Science Reviews, 109, 211-254, 2003.
Burch, J. L., Lewis, W. S., Immel, T. J., Anderson, P. C., Frey, H. U.,
Fuselier, S. A., Gérard, J.-C., Mende, S. B., Mitchell, D. G., and Thomsen,
M. F., Interplanetary magnetic field control of afternoon-sector detached
proton auroral arcs, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics),
107, 17-1, 2002.
Hubert, B., Gérard, J.-C., Evans, D. S., Meurant, M., Mende, S. B., Frey,
H. U., and Immel, T. J., Total electron and proton energy input during
auroral substorms: Remote sensing with IMAGE-FUV, Journal of Geophysical
Research (Space Physics), 107, 15-1, 2002.
Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Immel, T. J., Fuselier, S. A., Claflin, E. S.,
Gérard, J.-C., and Hubert, B., Proton aurora in the cusp, Journal of
Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 107, 2-1, 2002.
Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Immel, T. J., Mitchell, D. G., son-Brandt, P.
C.:, and Gérard, J.-C., Global comparison of magnetospheric ion fluxes and
auroral precipitation during a substorm, Geophysical Research Letters,
29, 51-1, 2002.
Immel, Thomas J., Mende, Stephen B., Frey, Harald U., Peticolas, Laura M.,
Carlson, Charles W., Gérard, Jean-Claude, Hubert, Benoit, Fuselier, Stephen
A., and Burch, James. L., Precipitation of auroral protons in detached
arcs, Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 14-1, 2002.
Immel, Thomas J., Crowley, Geoff, Craven, John D., and Roble, Raymond G.,
Dayside enhancements of thermospheric O/N2 following magnetic storm onset,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 15471-15488, 2001.
Conde, M., Craven, J. D., Immel, T., Hoch, E., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H.,
Hallinan, T., Smith, R. W., Olson, J., Sun, Wei, Frank, L. A., and
Sigwarth, J., Assimilated observations of thermospheric winds, the aurora,
and ionospheric currents over Alaska, Journal of Geophysical Research,
10493-10508, 2001.
Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Carlson, C. W., Gérard, J.-C., Hubert, B.,
Spann, J., Gladstone, R., and Immel, T. J., The electron and proton aurora
as seen by IMAGE-FUV and FAST, Geophysical Research Letters, 28,
1135-1138, 2001.
Immel, T. J., Craven, J. D., and Nicholas, A. C., An empirical model of
the OI FUV dayglow from DE-1 images, Journal of Atmospheric and
Terrestrial Physics, 62, 47-64, 2000.
Immel, T. J., Craven, J. D., and Frank, L. A., Influence of IMF B<SUB>y</SUB> on
large-scale decreases of O column density at middle latitudes., Journal of
Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 59, 725-737, 1997.
Craven, J. D., Nicholas, A. C., Frank, L. A., Strickland, D. J., and Immel,
T. J., Variations in the FUV dayglow after intense auroral activity,
Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 2793-2796, 1994.
AGU Meeting Presentations since 2001 (and various before 2001)
Immel, T. J., Sagawa, E., Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., and Patel, J., The
climatology of low-latitude ionospheric densities and zonal drifts from
IMAGE-FUV., AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2004. -Invited
Immel, T. J., Sutton, E. K., Nerem, R. S., Forbes, J. M., Mende, S. B., and
Frey, H. U., An investigation of thermospheric neutral density vs.O/N<SUB>2</SUB>
during the Oct-Nov 2003 magnetic storms, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,
2004.
Immel, T. T., Ostgaard, N., Strickland, D. J., Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B.,
and Lu, G., IMAGE-FUV observations of the October-November 2003 flare and
magnetic storm effects on Earth, AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts, 2004. -Invited
Immel, T. J., Crowley, G., and Craven, J. D., Terrestrial thermospheric
storm effects during the first weeks of the Dynamics Explorer 1 mission,
AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts, 2004.
Immel, T. J., Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Bonnell, J. W., and Thomsen, M.
F., Long-period Magnetic Pulsations Associated with Detached Proton
Auroral Arcs, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003.
Immel, T. J., Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Peticolas, L. M., and Sagawa, E.,
Determination of low-latitude electric fields from FUV images, EGS - AGU -
EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6 - 11
April 2003, abstract #4203, 2003.
Immel, T. J., Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Lu, G., Sandel, B. R., Forrester,
T., and Ridley, A. J., The relation of sub-auroral electron and proton
precipitation to plasmaspheric and magnetospheric conditions, AGU Fall
Meeting Abstracts, 2002.
Immel, T. J., Mende, S. B., Rairden, R. L., and Frey, H. U., Coordinated
Observations of Proton Aurorae from Ground and Space, AGU Spring Meeting
Abstracts, 2002.
Immel, T., Crowley, G., and Craven, J., Importance of high-latitude energy
inputs in correctly modeling the magnitude and extent of thermospheric
storms, COSPAR, Plenary Meeting, 2002.
Immel, T. J., Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Gerard, J., Hubert, B., Gladstone,
R., Sandel, B., and Forrester, T., Auroral Precipitation during the
Bastille Day Storm Recovery, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2001.
Immel, T. J., Mende, S. B., Frey, H. U., Gerard, J., and Hubert, B.,
Derivation of Auroral Conductances from IMAGE FUV, AGU Spring Meeting
Abstracts, 2001.
Immel, T. J., G. Crowley and J. D. Craven, Global FUV imaging for determination
of thermospheric storm effects, Invited, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1999.
Immel, T. J., and J. D. Craven and G. W. Proelss, Correlation between the FUV OI
dayglow and peak ionospheric electron density, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1998.
Immel, T. J. and J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Variations in the column density of
thermospheric O within the polar caps, AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts, 1994.
Thesis
Immel, Thomas Jerome, Studies of compositional variations in the
thermosphere and ionosphere using far-ultraviolet images from DE-1, Ph.D.
Thesis, 1998.