https://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&feed=atom&action=historyBurst-on-Tail (BOT) - Revision history2024-03-28T10:42:42ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.0https://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&diff=10734&oldid=prevSchriste at 17:27, 22 August 20182018-08-22T17:27:15Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|second_author = Ivan Zimovets</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|second_author = Ivan Zimovets</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|publish_date = 2013 March 4</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|publish_date = 2013 March 4</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|next_nugget = <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Breakout reconnection and </del>RHESSI</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|next_nugget=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{#ask: [[Category:Nugget]] [[</ins>RHESSI <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nugget Index::196]]}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|previous_nugget =[[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Electron re-acceleration and HXR emission</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|previous_nugget=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{#ask: </ins>[[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Category:Nugget]] [[RHESSI Nugget Index::194</ins>]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
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</table>Schristehttps://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&diff=5839&oldid=prevHhudson: /* Observations */ added llnk2013-03-01T17:21:04Z<p><span class="autocomment">Observations: </span> added llnk</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>emission detected by Nobeyama Radio Polarimeter at 17 GHz. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>emission detected by Nobeyama Radio Polarimeter at 17 GHz. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Bottom panel: Emission measure of the flare plasma estimated from the GOES</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Bottom panel: Emission measure of the flare plasma estimated from the GOES</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>data and count rates from the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ACS SPI. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>data<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and count rates from the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">INTEGRAL anticoincidence array</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Lines (a, b, c and d) mark the moments presented in Figure 2</del>. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Unfortunately RHESSI observations of SOL2003-10-26 were sketchy<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Unfortunately RHESSI observations of SOL2003-10-26 were sketchy</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>because of interruptions<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, and </del>RHESSI missed the BOT completely<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>because of interruptions<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RHESSI was </del>in the South Atlantic Anomaly during the BOT, exactly</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>RHESSI missed the BOT completely <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by being </ins>in the </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>according to </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Atlantic_Anomaly </ins>South Atlantic Anomaly<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>during the BOT, exactly according to </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://www.murphys-laws.com/murphy/murphy-laws.html Murphy's law]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://www.murphys-laws.com/murphy/murphy-laws.html Murphy's law]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The only HXR instrument (known to us) that observed the entire event </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The only HXR instrument (known to us) that observed the entire event </div></td></tr>
</table>Hhudsonhttps://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&diff=5838&oldid=prevHhudson: author order2013-03-01T17:17:13Z<p>author order</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|title = Burst-on-Tail (BOT)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|title = Burst-on-Tail (BOT)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|number = 195</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|number = 195</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|first_author = <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ivan Zimovets</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|first_author = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Alexei Struminsky</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|second_author = <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Alexei Struminsky</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|second_author = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ivan Zimovets</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|publish_date = 2013 March 4</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|publish_date = 2013 March 4</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|next_nugget = <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">TBD</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|next_nugget = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Breakout reconnection and RHESSI</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|previous_nugget =[[Electron re-acceleration and HXR emission]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|previous_nugget =[[Electron re-acceleration and HXR emission]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Hhudsonhttps://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&diff=5732&oldid=prevIvanzimovets at 16:38, 25 February 20132013-02-25T16:38:44Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>microwave emission was observed by the </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>microwave emission was observed by the </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INTEGRAL INTEGRAL] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INTEGRAL INTEGRAL] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>gamma-ray observatory, and by <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">several </del>several radio telescopes.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>gamma-ray observatory, and by several radio telescopes.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This burst came well into the decay phase of the major flare</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This burst came well into the decay phase of the major flare</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>SOL2003-10-26 (Figure 1). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>SOL2003-10-26 (Figure 1). </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INTEGRAL INTEGRAL], which does not </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INTEGRAL INTEGRAL], which does not </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>provide spectral information. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>provide spectral information. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Due to INTEGRAL's eccentric orbit <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</del>with an </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Due to INTEGRAL's eccentric orbit<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>with an </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogee apogee] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogee apogee] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>of approximately 150,000 km and a 72-h orbital period, INTEGRAL </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>of approximately 150,000 km and a 72-h orbital period, INTEGRAL </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>X1.2 solar flare. (a) Photospheric line-of-sight magnetogram obtained</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>X1.2 solar flare. (a) Photospheric line-of-sight magnetogram obtained</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>with the SOHO/MDI. The white and black lines are iso-contours at</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>with the SOHO/MDI. The white and black lines are iso-contours at</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>+-300, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 G levels. (b) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>(d) Images of the</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>+-300, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 G levels. (b)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</ins>(d) Images of the</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>active region made by TRACE at 195 . The time of observation of</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>active region made by TRACE at 195 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A</ins>. The time of observation of</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>each of these four images are shown in the titles and are marked</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>each of these four images are shown in the titles and are marked</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>by vertical solid lines and also by appropriate letters in Figure</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>by vertical solid lines and also by appropriate letters in Figure</div></td></tr>
</table>Ivanzimovetshttps://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&diff=5730&oldid=prevHhudson: added infobox2013-02-23T09:58:41Z<p>added infobox</p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Infobox Nugget</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|name = Nugget</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|title = Burst-on-Tail (BOT)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|number = 195</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|first_author = Ivan Zimovets</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|second_author = Alexei Struminsky</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|publish_date = 2013 March 4</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|next_nugget = TBD</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|previous_nugget =[[Electron re-acceleration and HXR emission]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Introduction ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Introduction ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>so the suggests that the main flare energy source is closely related to </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>so the suggests that the main flare energy source is closely related to </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>particle acceleration.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>particle acceleration.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In this <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nugget </del>we present an outstanding example of strong electron</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In this <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nugget </ins>we present an outstanding example of strong electron</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>acceleration in a solar flare without a visible response in soft X-ray</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>acceleration in a solar flare without a visible response in soft X-ray</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>emission and propose its possible interpretations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>emission and propose its possible interpretations.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>this phenomenon is in some sense a definite violation of the Neupert effect. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>this phenomenon is in some sense a definite violation of the Neupert effect. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:195f1.png|thumb|center|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">700px</del>|</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:195f1.png|thumb|center|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">500px</ins>|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Figure 1: The timing of the BOT (about 07:30 UT).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Figure 1: The timing of the BOT (about 07:30 UT).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Upper panel: Fluxes of X-ray emission detected by GOES in two</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Upper panel: Fluxes of X-ray emission detected by GOES in two</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 77:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 88:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>second "normal" SXR maximum.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>second "normal" SXR maximum.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Possible Explanations</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Possible Explanations <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We suppose that the flare plasma is heated by accelerated electrons.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We suppose that the flare plasma is heated by accelerated electrons.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 101:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 112:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>from about 06:54 UT.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>from about 06:54 UT.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:195f2.png|thumb|center|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">700px</del>|</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:195f2.png|thumb|center|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">500px</ins>|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Figure 2: Images of the NOAA active region 10486 during the 26 October 2003</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Figure 2: Images of the NOAA active region 10486 during the 26 October 2003</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>X1.2 solar flare. (a) Photospheric line-of-sight magnetogram obtained</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>X1.2 solar flare. (a) Photospheric line-of-sight magnetogram obtained</div></td></tr>
</table>Hhudsonhttps://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php?title=Burst-on-Tail_(BOT)&diff=5729&oldid=prevHhudson: 195 initial upload2013-02-22T21:32:28Z<p>195 initial upload</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Normally, in a relationship we term the <br />
[http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~tohban/wiki/index.php/EVE/ESP_and_the_Neupert_Effect Neupert Effect], <br />
the hard X-ray time profile of a solar flare correlates roughly with the <br />
derivative of the soft X-ray time profile. <br />
This effect is named after <br />
[http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!240032!0 Werner M. Neupert].<br />
The hard X-rays imply the presence of non-thermal electrons, and<br />
so the suggests that the main flare energy source is closely related to <br />
particle acceleration.<br />
In this nugget we present an outstanding example of strong electron<br />
acceleration in a solar flare without a visible response in soft X-ray<br />
emission and propose its possible interpretations.<br />
<br />
== Observations ==<br />
<br />
A highly pronounced and remarkable burst of hard X-ray (HXR) and <br />
microwave emission was observed by the <br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INTEGRAL INTEGRAL] <br />
gamma-ray observatory, and by several several radio telescopes.<br />
This burst came well into the decay phase of the major flare<br />
SOL2003-10-26 (Figure 1). <br />
Hereafter we will refer to this particular late burst as a <br />
"burst-on-tail" event by analogy with the <br />
[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inestabilidad_de_dos_haces bump-on-tail] <br />
instability in plasma physics.<br />
Thus it is a "BOT."<br />
The BOT we discuss here occurred about an hour after flare onset. <br />
It had no significant counterpart in soft X-ray emission, and so<br />
this phenomenon is in some sense a definite violation of the Neupert effect. <br />
<br />
[[File:195f1.png|thumb|center|700px|<br />
Figure 1: The timing of the BOT (about 07:30 UT).<br />
Upper panel: Fluxes of X-ray emission detected by GOES in two<br />
spectral channels and the smoothed time derivative of X-ray flux<br />
in the 1-8 A channel. <br />
Middle panel: Temperature of the flare plasma estimated from the <br />
GOES data, and flux density of solar radio<br />
emission detected by Nobeyama Radio Polarimeter at 17 GHz. <br />
Bottom panel: Emission measure of the flare plasma estimated from the GOES<br />
data and count rates from the ACS SPI. <br />
Lines (a, b, c and d) mark the moments presented in Figure 2. <br />
]]<br />
<br />
Unfortunately RHESSI observations of SOL2003-10-26 were sketchy,<br />
because of interruptions, and RHESSI missed the BOT completely. <br />
RHESSI was in the South Atlantic Anomaly during the BOT, exactly<br />
according to <br />
[http://www.murphys-laws.com/murphy/murphy-laws.html Murphy's law]. <br />
The only HXR instrument (known to us) that observed the entire event <br />
was the anticoincidence shield detector on board <br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INTEGRAL INTEGRAL], which does not <br />
provide spectral information. <br />
Due to INTEGRAL's eccentric orbit (with an <br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogee apogee] <br />
of approximately 150,000 km and a 72-h orbital period, INTEGRAL <br />
may continuously monitor solar high-energy activity for a period<br />
of more than two days in favorable conditions, an advantage in<br />
continuity over RHESSI's low Earth orbit. <br />
<br />
The BOT event started with an apparently normal flare.<br />
The soft X-ray emission detected by <br />
[http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/today.html GOES] had two maxima (Figure 1). <br />
The first (at 06:20 UT) corresponded to the first and<br />
the largest plasma temperature maximum. <br />
The time derivative of SXR<br />
intensity before the first SXR maximum corresponds to the observed<br />
intensities of HXR and microwave emission, consistent with the<br />
Neupert effect. <br />
The Neupert effect was not observed for the delayed sequence of <br />
non-thermal bursts, the last and the strongest of which was the BOT. <br />
An intriguing fact is that the BOT was not associated with visible <br />
increases of SXR fluxes (i.e. increases of temperature and emission measure). <br />
In reality, some weak increase of SXR flux was probably produced during the<br />
BOT, but was hidden by a relatively strong decaying tail after the<br />
second "normal" SXR maximum.<br />
<br />
== Possible Explanations<br />
<br />
We suppose that the flare plasma is heated by accelerated electrons.<br />
Firstly, it is possible to reduce the energy input of accelerated<br />
electrons for equal or even higher intensity of the HXR >100 keV<br />
intensity observed, and, consequently, to reduce the SXR intensity<br />
expected, if one reduces the spectral index of the power law,<br />
or increases its low-energy cut off. <br />
We cannot check this assumption for the event of 26 October 2003, since <br />
RHESSI spectra were not available.<br />
<br />
Second, a response of flare plasma to similar populations of accelerated <br />
electrons injected into flare loops of different spatial scales may change <br />
drastically along with the flare development. <br />
The TRACE observations for this event showed that at the BOT time,<br />
the spatial scale of the observed loops was larger.<br />
This could lead to smaller values of temperature and emission measure<br />
in flare loops, thus to smaller SXR fluxes. In the limit case a<br />
plasma expansion may occur into open magnetic flux tubes after CME<br />
lift off. It should be noted here that a developing halo CME in<br />
this event was observed by <br />
[http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/UNIVERSAL/2003_10/univ2003_10.html SOHO/LASCO]<br />
from about 06:54 UT.<br />
<br />
[[File:195f2.png|thumb|center|700px|<br />
Figure 2: Images of the NOAA active region 10486 during the 26 October 2003<br />
X1.2 solar flare. (a) Photospheric line-of-sight magnetogram obtained<br />
with the SOHO/MDI. The white and black lines are iso-contours at<br />
+-300, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 G levels. (b) (d) Images of the<br />
active region made by TRACE at 195 . The time of observation of<br />
each of these four images are shown in the titles and are marked<br />
by vertical solid lines and also by appropriate letters in Figure<br />
1.<br />
]]<br />
<br />
== Why is the BOT important? ==<br />
<br />
We observe bursts (e.g., our BOT) of non-thermal emission that are delayed<br />
by several tens of minutes, relative to the flare impulsive phase,<br />
and not reflected in the SXR emission. <br />
These show distinctly that acceleration processes in gradual solar flares <br />
may occur well after CME lift-off. <br />
This discovery is crucial for understanding solar acceleration of energetic<br />
particles. <br />
Continuous observations of solar hard X-ray and gamma emission by <br />
spectroscopic and imaging instruments aboard spacecraft in deep space,<br />
at the <br />
[http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission/observatory_l2.html Lagrangian points],<br />
or in eccentric orbits with high apogees would be very helpful in resolving the open questions here.</div>Hhudson